Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Safeguarding Children Partnership

Child Sexual Abuse

Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) - Recognising the signs

Sexual abuse is when someone is forced, pressured or tricked into taking part in any kind of sexual activity with another person. It could be online or in person, and it can happen to anyone.

Abuse is never a child’s choice and is never a child’s fault.

Child Sexual Abuse can have significant and life-long consequences for survivors. For many the impact includes, stigmatisation, feelings of guilt, shame, powerlessness and isolation, post-traumatic stress, physical and mental health problems, and difficulties in forming and maintaining healthy relationships.

There are two types of sexual abuse

Contact abuse - involves touching where an abuser makes physical contact with a child or forces the child to make physical contact with someone else.

Non-contact abuse - involves things such as grooming, exploitation, persuading children to perform sexual acts over the internet, flashing, showing pornography to a child and sexual exploitation of a child.

Most children and young people do not tell anyone at the time of their abuse or are more likely to tell a friend or family member than to speak to a professional.

Children may not understand that what is happening to them is wrong or inappropriate. They may have been threatened and be scared to say anything. Recognising signs of sexual abuse may be the first step in helping children to have their voice heard.


Recognising the signs

The following resources will help you as professionals to assess and identify your concerns. 

  • The Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse have produced a helpful ‘Signs and indicators’ template
  • Harmful Sexual Behaviours (HSB) - The Sexual Behaviours Traffic Light Tool and associated training options can be accessed on the Brook website here. The Brook tool is designed primarily to help professionals to identify, understand and respond appropriately to sexual behaviours in young people.

Supporting Parents and Carers

Research shows that support from parents and carers can be one of the most significant factors in limiting the longer-term impacts of child sexual abuse. So professionals must understand how concerns of child sexual abuse can also affect the wider family.

This Supporting Parents and Carers Guide from the CSA Centre is designed to help. It explains why parents need a supportive professional response, what this looks like in practice, and contains a helpful list of resources and sources of support you can share with the parents you are working with.


Services 

  • This Service Mapping Poster provides a guide for professionals to available services and how to access these
  • SARC The Sexual Assault Referral Centre, where staff are specially trained to support anyone who experienced rape or sexual assault, whether recently or in the past. 24 hour helpline: 0300 3034626 
  • Gweres Kernow is a team of specialists who work in partnership with other services to safeguard children who have displayed harmful sexual behaviours and those at risk of sexual abuse

Related Guidance & Further Reading

The OSCP 'What Happens' guide has been produced to provide practitioners with an understanding of the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) referral and response process, so that they can help children and families by explaining to them the professional response in their situation. 

Sign up to the Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse newsletter

View other resources here

    • This interactive, online resource is a step by step CSA response pathway centred on children’s needs, how they are feeling and what they hope will happen.
    • Communicating with children a guide for those working with children who have or may have been sexually abused. 
    • This report sets out current knowledge on trauma-informed approaches to child sexual abuse and child sexual exploitation. It includes personal case studies and recommendations for a trusted relationship model. 
    • Harmful Sexual Behaviours Practice guidance document.
    • Young people and children are particularly vulnerable to intimate partner abuse, peer-on-peer abuse and intra-familial abuse. Early intervention and education around healthy relationships are key in challenging and changing social norms that contribute to domestic abuse, sexual violence and violence against women and girls. Safer Futures offer healthy relationships resources for professionals available here.
    • See also the learning resources from our past conference where we launched the Child Sexual Abuse Strategy 
    • And our webpages with information about Online Safety and Child Exploitation

For Schools and Colleges

  • Keeping children safe in education (2024) is the statutory guidance for schools and colleges on safeguarding children and safer recruitment.
  • There are resources to help education professionals identify and respond when they have concerns about child sexual abuse or behaviour from the CSA Centre here
  • Safer Futures provide a healthy relationships education programme (HRP) and support for schools and other education providers to plan, teach and evaluate high quality, evidence-based RSE from the Sex Education Forum is available here.

Training

  • An introduction to concerning and harmful sexual behaviours
  • Bubbles to Protect
  • Sexting Safeguarding Training
  • Signs of Safety Multi-Agency Briefing
This and other training is available to book via OSCP here

Plus free Combating Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) training is available here

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